Minería

Este artículo trata sobre the act of breaking blocks. Para items breaking due to low durability, véase item durability.

A player mines a tree and obtains a log.

Breaking, digging, punching, or mining is a common activity in Minecraft, performed (by default) by holding the left mouse button or right trigger while the cursor is pointing at a block, or by long-pressing on the block on touch screens. Breaking is used to create passages, tunnels and clear away unwanted blocks, and is the primary way of acquiring blocks for future placement or crafting.

Basics of breaking

Breaking is accomplished by holding down the destroy button while the cursor is over a block. If the player is within range of the target, the player's hand begins swinging, making a repetitive "thump" noise as the player hits the block, and cracks appear.

Plantilla:IN, this range is 5 blocks in Creative mode, and 4.5 blocks otherwise. Plantilla:IN, the range is 5 blocks when using a keyboard/mouse or controller input, and when using touch input, the range is 12 blocks in Creative mode and 6 blocks otherwise.

Blocks are marked with a wireframe cube outline, making the current target easily visible. After the cracks completely cover the block, it breaks and depending on the type of block and the tool being wielded, it may be harvested for resources.

Although many blocks can be harvested with bare hands, certain ones require the use of a tool. In particular, to obtain resources from stone or metal-type blocks, the player must use a pickaxe. For harder blocks like iron ore or obsidian, a pickaxe made from a higher-tier material is required. The player can also use shovels and axes to speed up the breaking of dirt and wood-type blocks (respectively), although, with the exception of snow, they are not required to get the resource drop. The downside is that tools have durability, and so they eventually wear out.

If the tool has the blue Unbreakable tag under its enchantment and name, it does not break under any circumstances. One can be acquired from typing the command /give

(example: /give player123 diamond_pickaxe 1 {Unbreakable:1})

The progress for breaking a block is reset if the target block changes while breaking. Progress is also reset whenever the mouse button is released. The player can move freely while breaking blocks. The player can even dig while jumping, swimming, or riding, although this reduces the breaking speed.

Speed

The player's digging speed is controlled by three factors: the block being broken, the item the player is currently wielding, and the mining penalties affecting the player. Every block has a hardness value, which determines the base amount of breaking time if the player hits it with their bare hands.

The base time in seconds is the block's hardness multiplied by 1.5 if the player can harvest the block with the current tool, or 5 if the player cannot.

Assuming that the player can harvest the block, the next check is whether the player's tool increases the breaking speed for the block. See Best tools for a full list.

If the tool helps, then it increases digging speed by a constant multiplier, given in the following table:

Material	Nothing	Wood	Stone	Iron	Diamond	Netherite	Gold	Shears	Sword	Efficiency
Tool Speed	1	2	4	6	8	9	12	1.5 (5 on wool, 15 on cobwebs and leaves)	1.5 (15 on cobwebs)	additional (1+level2) when using the proper tool

If a proper tool is used, the tool speed is further increased by the Efficiency enchantment. If the level of Efficiency is not 0, then the level squared plus 1 is added to the tool speed. For example, Efficiency I adds 2 to the value, while Efficiency V adds 26. The speed is also increased by (20×level)% per level of Haste, while Mining Fatigue decreases it by 70% for level I, 91% for level II, 99.73% for level III, and 99.919% for all other levels.

If the player's head is underwater and they are not wearing a helmet with the Aqua Affinity enchantment, breaking a block takes 5 times as long. If the player's feet are not touching the ground, an additional 5x penalty is added; this causes players floating in water to break blocks 25x slower than if they had been standing on land.

The total time to break a block is always a multiple of ¹⁄₂₀ of a second, or 1 game tick; any remainder is rounded up to the next tick.

Instant breaking

Artículo principal: Instant mining

When breaking a block, a tool and its enchantments do its speed value as "damage" to a block every game tick, and when that value equals or exceeds the block's hardness, the block breaks. If the tool and enchantments immediately equal or exceeds the hardness times 30, the block breaks with no delay; otherwise, ¹⁄₄ second delay occurs before the next block begins to break.

For example, a player with Haste II holding an Efficiency V diamond pickaxe can break stone instantly, as the damage is (8+26)×(1+0.4)=47.6, which is greater than the base hardness of stone (1.5) times 30 (which is 45). Players in creative mode always break blocks instantly regardless of tools or status effects, except for when wielding a sword, in which case the player is unable to break anything.

Calculation

Combining all of the information above yields the following pseudo code to calculate how long in seconds a player takes to mine a certain block. All operations are floating-point, not integer.

if (canHarvest)
  seconds = blockHardness * 1.5
else
  seconds = blockHardness * 5

if (isBestTool)
  speedMultiplier = toolMultiplier

  if (toolEfficiency)
    speedMultiplier += efficiencyLevel ^ 2 + 1

  if !(canHarvest)
    speedMultiplier = 1

if (hasteEffect)
  speedMultiplier *= 1 + (0.2 * hasteLevel)

if (miningFatigue)
  speedMultiplier /= 3 ^ miningFatigueLevel

seconds /= speedMultiplier

if (inWater && !hasAquaAffinity)
  seconds *= 5

if (not onGround)
  seconds *= 5

return seconds

Best tools

Fastest tools to mine specific blocks:

Tool	Material	Blocks	Notes
Bucket	Liquid	Lava Water Mud‌[Solo MCE]
Axe	Plants	Cocoa Jack o'Lantern Pumpkin Vines Melon Bee Nest Mushroom Blocks	Shears are required to collect vines.
	Wood	Banners Barrel Bookshelf Chest Beehive Campfire Cartography Table Composter Crafting Table Daylight Detector Fences Fence Gates Fletching Table Jukebox Ladder Lectern Loom Note Block Planks Sign Smithing Table Trapped Chest Wood Hyphae Wooden Button Wooden Doors Wooden Pressure Plates Wooden Slabs Wooden Stairs Wooden Trapdoors
Pickaxe
	Ice	Ice Packed Ice Blue Ice Frosted Ice	Ice, packed ice and blue ice require Silk Touch to drop as an item. Frosted ice never drops as an item.
	Metal I	Anvil Bell Block of Redstone Brewing Stand Cauldron Chain Hopper Iron Bars Iron Door Iron Trapdoor Lantern Weighted Pressure Plates	Pickaxe is required to collect a block.
	Metal II	Block of Iron Copper Blocks Cut Copper Cut Copper Slab Cut Copper Stairs Lapis Lazuli Block Lightning Rod	Stone, iron, diamond, or netherite pickaxe is required to collect a block.
	Metal III	Block of Diamond Block of Emerald Block of Gold	Iron, diamond, or netherite pickaxe is required to collect a block.
	Metal IV	Block of Netherite	Diamond or netherite pickaxe is required to collect a block.
	Piston	Piston Sticky Piston
	Other	Conduit Shulker Box	Shulker Box can be mined with bare hand, but pickaxes mine faster.
	Chemistry equipment ‌[Solo EB & EE]	Element Constructor Compound Creator Material Reducer Lab Table	All these blocks, except lab table, can be mined without a pickaxe, but it takes a long time.
	Rail	Activator Rail Detector Rail Powered Rail Rail	These blocks can also be washed away by water.‌[Solo Edición Java]
	Rock I	Andesite Basalt Blackstone Blast Furnace Block of Coal Block of Quartz Bricks Coal Ore Cobblestone Cobblestone Wall Concrete Dark Prismarine Diorite Dispenser Dropper Enchantment Table End Stone Ender Chest Furnace Glazed Terracotta Granite Grindstone Heat Block‌[Solo EB & EE] Lodestone Mossy Cobblestone Nether Bricks Nether Brick Fence Nether Gold Ore Nether Quartz Ore Netherrack Observer Prismarine Prismarine Bricks Polished Andesite Polished Blackstone Polished Blackstone Bricks Polished Diorite Polished Granite Red Sandstone Red Sandstone Slab Sandstone Smoker Spawner Stonecutter Slabs (non-wooden) Colored Terracotta Stairs (non-wooden) Smooth Stone Stone Stone Bricks Stone Button Stone Pressure Plate Terracotta	Pickaxe is required to collect a block. Silk Touch is needed to collect an ender chest, or it drops obsidian. Mining a monster spawner drops 15-43 experience, but the monster spawner itself does not drop.
	Rock II	Copper Ore Iron Ore Lapis Lazuli Ore	Stone, iron, diamond, or netherite pickaxe is required to collect a block.
	Rock III	Amethyst Bud Amethyst Cluster Block of Amethyst Budding Amethyst Diamond Ore Emerald Ore Gold Ore Redstone Ore	Iron, diamond, or netherite pickaxe is required to collect a block. Budding Amethyst cannot be collected, even with Silk Touch.
	Rock IV	Ancient Debris Crying Obsidian Glowing Obsidian‌[Solo EB] Obsidian Respawn Anchor	Diamond or netherite pickaxe is required to collect a block. For Glowing Obsidian, Silk Touch is needed to collect the block, or it drops regular obsidian.
Shears	Leaves	Leaves	Shears or any Silk Touch-enchanted tools are required to collect leaves. Leaves drop their alternative items if any other tool is used.
	Web	Cobweb	Can also be washed away by water. Sword or water is required to collect string. Shears or Silk Touch enchantment are required to collect cobweb.
	Wool	Wool
Shovel	Ground	Clay Coarse Dirt Concrete Powder Dirt Farmland Grass Block Gravel Mycelium Podzol Red Sand Sand Soul Sand Soul Soil	Must have Silk Touch enchantment to drop grass block, mycelium or podzol and not get dirt as a result.
	Snow	Snow Block Snow	Shovel is required to collect snowballs from snow-type blocks.
Sword	Web	Cobweb	Can also be washed away by water. Sword or water is required to collect string. Shears or Silk Touch enchantment are required to collect cobweb.
	Plants	Bamboo
Hoe	"Plants"	Hay Bale Leaves Nether Wart Block Shroomlight Sponge Target Warped Wart Block Wet Sponge	Shears are required to collect leaves.
Any (all tools are equally efficient)	Circuits	Lever
	Glass	Beacon Glass Hardened Glass ‌[Solo EB & EE] Glass Pane Hardened Glass Pane ‌[Solo EB & EE] Glowstone Redstone Lamp Sea Lantern Stained Glass Hardened Stained Glass ‌[Solo EB & EE] Stained Glass Panes Hardened Stained Glass Panes ‌[Solo EB & EE]	For glass, glass panes, glowstones, sea lanterns, stained glass and stained glass panes to drop themselves, they must be mined with a tool enchanted with Silk Touch.
	Other	Bed Cake Carpets Dragon Egg Heads Infested Block‌[Solo Edición Bedrock] Honeycomb Block	Carpet can also be washed away by water. Dragon egg cannot be mined directly because hitting it causes it to teleport. Mining is possible only if its entire teleportation radius is filled with blocks.
	Plants	Cactus	. In Adventure mode, requires the Sand block to be broken under the Cactus with a shovel.
Any (instantly breaks; doesn't damage tools)	Circuits	Redstone Comparator Redstone Repeater Redstone Torch Redstone Wire Tripwire Tripwire Hook	These blocks can also be washed away by water. Breaking tripwire without shears causes the mechanism to turn on and off quickly.
	Other	Fire Flower Pot Infested Block‌[Solo Edición Java] TNT Element‌[Solo EB & EE] Torch Colored Torches‌[Solo EB & EE] Underwater Torch‌[Solo EB & EE] Scaffolding‌[Solo Edición Java] Slime Block Honey Block Underwater TNT‌[Solo EB & EE]	Torches can be washed away by water.
	Plants	Beetroots Carrots Coral Dead Bush Fern Flowers Fungus Kelp Lily Pad Melon Stem Mushrooms Nether Wart Nether Sprouts Potatoes Pumpkin Stem Roots Saplings Seagrass Sea Pickle Sugar Cane Tall Grass Twisting Vines Weeping Vines Wheat	These blocks, except sugar cane, can also be washed out by water. Fern and tall grass must be mined with shears; or they randomly drop seeds. Dead bushes must be mined with shears to drop themselves; if anything else is used, only sticks drop.
None (unbreakable)	Commands only	Invisible Bedrock‌[Solo EB & EE] Command Block Structure Block Structure Void‌[Solo EB & EJ] Barrier Jigsaw Block
	Other	Bedrock End Gateway End Portal End Portal Frame Nether Portal Air Bubble column	Nether Portal can be broken by placing water in place of it. Invisible Bedrock is simply targeted through like air and liquids.

Blocks by hardness

The following table shows the time it takes to break each type of block. Values with a red background indicate that it cannot be harvested by that quality of tool. If there is no tool that helps speed up mining that block, the "tool" column is left empty. A few blocks are harvested faster with shears or a sword. These speeds are listed in the last two columns if different than "nothing".

Note that some blocks don't drop anything even when mined with the proper tool; these are marked with a yellow background.

Any blocks with a breaking time of 0.05 seconds or less can be broken without the ¹⁄₄ second delay. See instant breaking above.

[edit values]

History

Edición Java Classic
June 14, 2009					Notch discussed how breaking blocks would work in Survival mode: "Selecting the pickaxe and clicking on a tile will destroy it, but different tiles will take differently long to remove. Stone will be tougher than dirt, and so. Either way, the delay won't be long. Perhaps one full second for stone."
Edición Java
1.0.0		Beta 1.9 Prerelease 4			Efficiency enchantment added, which mines blocks faster.
		Beta 1.9 Prerelease 6			The mining time of many blocks were made a lot faster, including redstone ore, stone bricks, nether bricks, iron bars, doors, monster spawners and obsidian.
					Before this update, some of these blocks either had no preferred tool (soul sand, fence), or a pickaxe was required, sometimes with tier requirements, but the breaking time was consistent regardless of tier. For instance, it always took about 5.5 seconds to mine a furnace with any type of pickaxe.
					Several blocks' tool weaknesses have been fixed, such as crafting tables now mining faster with an axe and rails now mining faster with a pickaxe.
					Mined stairs of any materials drop a stair block now instead of a block form of its material.
1.3.1		12w18a			The 1⁄4 second (5 tick) delay between block breaking has been removed for players in survival. The player can now instantly mine a large amount of blocks in survival simply by holding destroy if conditions are met.
		12w22a			Mining ores (except gold ore and iron ore) rewards the player with experience orbs.
		12w23a			You can see the block breaking animation when other players break blocks.
		12w24a			While holding a tool, breaking a block that can be instantly mined by hand no longer reduces the tool's durability.
1.4.6		12w50a			The Efficiency enchantment no longer applies when mining blocks of the wrong type (ex: Efficiency pickaxes don't increase the mining speed of dirt). This is a consequence of the new rule "the mining speed of a block is increased only when it is mined with the correct tool".
?					Switching tools resets a block's brokenness.
1.8		?			The proper tool now increases the breaking speed of a block even if it is not the correct grade.
Edición Pocket Alpha
?					Breaking sounds of blocks drastically changed, from being identical to those of Alpha-esque updates to sounds that were much different depending on if the game was being played on iOS or Android.
0.7.2					Buckets can no longer be used to literally mine water and lava.
0.12.1		build 12			Breaking sounds are now the same as on PC. Prior to this update, the breaking sounds of most blocks differed greatly on iOS and Android.

Trivia

• In the code, blocks use a hardness value of -1 in order to make blocks unbreakable.
• The breaking animation is intentionally programmed by the developers to appear off-center on certain blocks such as chests and signs.

References

Jugabilidad

View at: Plantilla:Jugabilidad/Contenido [editar]